经胸超声心动图对纵隔占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨纵隔占位性病变的超声特点,以提高早期诊断率。方法回顾性分析我院经胸超声心动图(TTE)检出并经病理或临床结合CT证实的纵隔占位性病变7例,扫查心脏左室长轴、胸骨上窝、剑下切面,重点观察心包周围、升主动动脉前方区域、降主动脉两侧和心脏后方。结果7例中,前纵隔占位4例;3例为囊性占位,分别为皮样囊肿、胸腺囊肿和肺癌并包裹性纵隔胸膜积液;胸腺囊肿及皮样囊肿均边界清,内部透声好。肺癌并包裹性胸腔积液形态欠规则,后壁可见松软低回声物质积聚。实性占位1例,为胸内甲状腺肿,边界清,呈实性不均质回声。后纵隔占位3例,其中神经纤维瘤1例,肝癌、肺癌并后纵隔转移各1例。神经纤维瘤呈中等回声的实质性团块,边界清晰,其内回声欠均匀;肝癌、肺癌并后纵隔转移边缘不规则,呈实性不均质团块回声。结论根据TTE检查切面的特点,结合纵隔占位的图像特征,提高TTE医师对纵隔内占位性病变的扫查意识,有助于纵隔内占位性病变的早期诊断和治疗方案的制定。     

Quantitative Parameters of High-Frame-Rate Strain in Patients with Echocardiographically Normal Function

Recently, we developed a high-frame-rate echocardiographic imaging system capable of acquiring images at rates up to 2500 per second. High imaging rates were used to quantify longitudinal strain parameters in patients with echocardiographically normal function. These data can serve as a baseline for comparing strain parameters in disease states. The derived timing data also reveal the propagation of mechanical events in the left ventricle throughout the cardiac cycle. High-frame-rate echocardiographic images were acquired from 17 patients in the apical four-chamber view using Duke University's phased array ultrasound system, T5. B-Mode images were acquired at 500–1000 images per second by employing 16:1 or 32:1 parallel processing in receive, a scan depth ≤14 cm and an 80° field of view with a 3.5-MegaHertZ (MHz), 96-element linear array. The images were analyzed using a speckle tracking algorithm tailored for high-frame-rate echocardiographic images developed at Aalborg and Duke University. Four specific mechanical events were defined using strain curves from six regions along the myocardial contour of the left ventricle. The strain curves measure the local deformation events of the myocardium and are independent of the overall cardiac motion. We observed statistically significant differences in the temporal sequence among different myocardial segments for the first mechanical event described, myocardial tissue shortening onset (p < 0.01). We found that the spatial origin of tissue shortening was located near the middle of the interventricular septum in patients with echocardiographically normal function. The quantitative parameters defined here, based on high-speed strain measurements in patients with echocardiographically normal function, can serve as a means of assessing degree of contractile abnormality in the myocardium and enable the identification of contraction propagation. The relative timing pattern among specific events with respect to the Q wave may become an important new metric in assessing cardiac function and may, in turn, improve diagnosis and prognosis.     

Liver Transplantation Following Life-threatening Abdominal Trauma: A Case Series of 5 Patients at a Single Institution

Managing traumatic liver injury (TLI) is always challenging and demands precise clinical judgment. Currently, treatment of TLI in most circumstances is non-operative; however, surgical therapy might be required for severe TLI, particularly those that result in extensive blood loss. In the current institutional study carried out from June 1995 to April 2017, we describe our experience with 5 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant for severe TLI. One patient passed away postoperatively from cerebral edema; 1 patient died of renal failure 4 years after the liver transplantation, and 3 patients are still alive. Based on our experience, we conclude that in patients with TLI, especially those with uncontrollable bleeding or those who develop liver failure, liver transplantation should be taken into consideration.     

超声心动图对妊娠中晚期下腔静脉压迫综合征的诊断价值

目的应用超声心动图探讨妊娠中晚期下腔静脉压迫综合征的临床特征。 方法选取2016年1月至2018年11月在北京百子湾和美妇儿医院做产检的孕妇42例，依据妊娠中晚期是否有明确下腔静脉压迫症状，将孕妇分为无症状的孕组1（22例）和有症状的孕组2（20例），并纳入年龄相匹配的未妊娠健康女性14名作为对照组。采用超声心动图测量左心室舒张末期径（LVEDD）和收缩末期径（LVESD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、右心室基底内径、肺动脉瓣血流速度。分别在平卧位、侧卧位和直立位等不同体位下测量下腔静脉血流峰值速度，计算不同体位峰值速度比值。对以上3组间数据进行单因素方差分析，有统计学意义的采用相应组间两两比较的Bonferroni检验。采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析下腔静脉血流速度及不同体位下下腔静脉血流速度比值预测下腔静脉受压迫的价值。 结果与对照组相比，孕妇组左侧卧位和平卧位时下腔静脉血流速度明显增快，差异有统计学意义（F=16.921、21.845，P均<0.05），且有症状孕组2血流速度增快更明显。直立位时下腔静脉血流速度在3组间比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析下腔静脉血流速度增快超过157.5 cm/s，敏感度69%，特异度23%。卧位与立位下腔静脉血流速度比值大于1.96时，诊断下腔静脉压迫征的敏感度、特异度分别为61%和83%。 结论中晚期妊娠超声心动图检测下腔静脉血流速度，以及卧位与立位下腔静脉血流速度比值诊断孕中晚期下腔静脉压迫征有重要价值。     

基层医院开展胎儿超声心动图筛查的作用分析

目的:探讨基层医院开展胎儿超声心动图筛查的作用。方法:选取2017年1月—2019年6月在北京市昌平区妇幼保健院建档并进行胎儿超声心动图筛查的孕妇10763例,其中10117例产后行新生儿超声心动图筛查,对产前检查出心脏异常病例转诊,与产前诊断机构诊断结果、生后新生儿超声心动图筛查结果、尸检及手术结果进行对比,并对常规扫查切面进行回顾性分析、讨论。结果:经产前超声心动图5切面法筛查出胎儿心脏异常共136例,确诊134例,诊断准确率98.5%(134/136),检出率1.2%(134/10763),漏诊1例,为完全型肺静脉异位引流。误诊2例,1例主动脉弓曲折误诊为主动脉弓离断;1例正常心脏误诊为主动脉缩窄。结论:基层医院常规开展规范化胎儿超声心动图筛查,对及早发现并诊断先天性心脏病具有重要的临床价值。